Native American Essay Topics - Discover How to Choose the Right Topics

<h1>Native American Essay Topics - Discover How to Choose the Right Topics</h1><p>Whether you are composing a paper on a chronicled topic or for school, finding the correct Native American article points can help make your exposition the most ideal. Underneath you will discover ten well known themes for composing, yet don't be restricted to these topics.</p><p></p><p>Historical Native American exposition points can be found in most school and college library. You can likewise visit Native American history libraries to look into thoughts and data to accommodate your theme. You may need to enroll the assistance of a Native American senior on the off chance that you are new to expounding on Native Americans.</p><p></p><p>Make sure that your exposition is conscious of Native American history. Try not to utilize hostile terms like 'squaw'savages.' This is a simple method to irritate a gathering of individuals. Also, it is e ssential to recollect that there are a few unmistakable clans that talk a wide range of languages.</p><p></p><p>Ask your American youngsters about their background. One extraordinary approach to ask them inquiries and find out about what their day by day life resembles is by finding out about them. You can likewise go on the web and do some examination about their lives. It very well may be overpowering for your kids to be gotten some information about such close to home points and realizing that they are content with their answers can assist you with building up an increasingly inspirational disposition towards writing.</p><p></p><p>Learn the right length of your article before starting to compose. The reason for composing an exposition is to say something. Be certain that you adhere to the entirety of the standards of language structure and spelling just as accentuation. Try not to surge your article as this can destroy your point.&l t;/p><p></p><p>Repetition is a typical utilization of the word 'each' in Native American societies. When composing this sentence, recall that each mean each activity. This expression in truth can be used in different sentences also. For instance, you could ask your kids 'what have you up to for the last week?'</p><p></p><p>Native American subjects can now and again be hard to talk about. Try not to lose yourself in detail, yet set aside the effort to completely clarify your point. Your peruser should feel that you had the option to communicate completely in your essay.</p><p></p><p>As you can see, there are a few Native American article points accessible. So as to be effective, you should look into your theme. However, when you have decided a subject, set aside the effort to compose your essay!</p>

An Essay Body Paragraph

An Essay Body ParagraphA body paragraph, as its name suggests, is a paragraph that begins with the body of the essay. Typically this paragraph is used to wrap up the essay, or for the introduction. But it can be a good thing to use. You can make it more interesting by using a different type of paragraph instead.The first paragraph in an essay is a practice for the rest of the essay. Because it is difficult to know how much an essay should be spent on a specific point, a writer must practice his/her skills for each paragraph he/she writes. The best way to do this is to write out a bunch of sentences and then compare them to an essay sample, and see which ones are more effective.When the writer is ready to write a really interesting paragraph, he/she usually sits down to write it out. However, that's not always the best solution. The best solution is to write out the essay as one big piece. If the body paragraph in an essay can be grouped together with the rest of the essay, then the b ody paragraph in a research paper should be grouped together with the other paragraphs. By doing this, all the content in each paragraph becomes linked to the other paragraphs and therefore easier to read.Another benefit of groupings is that the body paragraph in an essay becomes one of the most interesting parts of the entire essay. It doesn't take too long to read and generally the reader won't even notice that the essay has a beginning, middle, and end. That's because the writing flows so smoothly and does not read like one big continuous stream of words.Even if the paragraphs are large, grouping them makes them seem shorter, thus making the content easier to understand. Writing each paragraph separately, by itself, creates a lot of problems for the writer. Not only does it create confusion for the reader, but it also causes the writer to become confused on what he/she needs to write next.Sometimes, when writing an essay, it is helpful to work on an essay without any paragraphs. This helps the writer to focus on other aspects of the essay. Using this technique is particularly useful when working on something that is new to the writer, or simply trying to get over a hump.On the other hand, not using paragraphs can help the writer to write an essay that appears like he/she was working on the essay for months on end. When using the second method, the writer will inevitably develop some words, or phrases, or ideas that just aren't going to fit into the rest of the essay.Either way, while there are pros and cons to both methods, it is a matter of choice for the writer. Most people who choose to use paragraphs tend to feel that it is easier to work on, but the debate rages on. It's really a personal choice.

U.s. National Security Efforts And Defending The Nation Essay

Counterterrorism is the use of personnel and tools to acquire, disturb, or dismantle terrorist networks and their affiliates. Counterterrorism is essentially an offensive approach to a terrorist threat involving intelligence operations, diplomacy, military operations, and counterterrorism training. Despite party affiliation and different approaches, both the Bush and Obama administrations have been devoted to U.S. national security efforts and defending the nation. During the Republican Bush administration, 9/11 was both a significant terrorist attack and also a significant event during Bush’s time as president. The group behind 9/11 was a terrorist organization named al-Qaeda, lead by Osama bin Laden. Founded on August 18th 1988, al-Qaeda is a group of Islamic extremists who call for the the creation of caliphate or an Islamic state. 9/11 was a form of vengeance against the U.S. in response to the country’s participation in the Gulf War, continued military presence in the Middle East, and support of Israel. On September 11th 2001, 19 members of al-Qaeda hijacked four planes, crashing two into the World Trade Center, one into the Pentagon, and one onto a field in Pennsylvania en route to Washington. Although it was never confirmed, it was believed that the plane en route to Washington was intended for either the White House or the Capitol building. The attack shook the nation and claimed the lives of over 3,000 people. On the evening of September 11th, George BushShow MoreRelatedThe Department Of Homeland Security1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthreats. Citizens criticize policies in national security as infringing on civil liberties, and an ongoing debate ensues over the sacrifice of civil liberties in the name of national security. The DHS continues to evolve in analyzing future threats and identifying means for the organization to meet them. The DHS’s overall mission is to, â€Å"†¦ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards.† (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2015, np). The overall mission ofRead MoreBuilding And Maintain A Cyber Operations Force1394 Words   |  6 PagesProtection teams focused on defending the network, 13 National Mission teams to defend critical national infrastructure, 27 Combat Mission teams assisting combat commanders in planning and strategy, 25 Support Teams to support the National Mission and Combat Mission teams. Of the 40 completed teams, 80 percent are members of the military, the remaining 20 being civilian, and the teams average age is 24 (Pomerleau, 2016). With the current push to expand cyber security in the private sector, thereRead MoreTerrorism in the US959 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism is one the most serious hazards to U.S. national interests. Policy makers have used an array of options over the past thirty ye ars to counter terrorism. Counter tactics like strategic planning both political and diplomatic, economic sanctions, and Local law enforcement efforts. None of the tactics have been more controversial than the use of military force. In Large part this is due to that potential threat of casualties of our U. S service men and women, possible deaths of innocent civiliansRead MoreHomeland Security1093 Words   |  5 Pagesa safer nation. Millions of innocent lives were lost on 9-11-01. A problem not widely discussed in the United States much until September 11, 2001 the date of the attack from terrorist organizations on the world trade centers’ New York towers in New York City. The United States of America has not worried much about self-defense or in this case homeland security. Due to the actions on September 11th homeland security has been the main goal of many politicians and voters. Homeland security builds coalitionsRead MoreSomalia at War Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesan d will it remain that way due to their religious beliefs and strategic location and how will this affect U.S. interest in that region? In the past decade U.S. security policy has been driven largely by counterterrorism efforts, which past and present administrations have identified as a top national security priority. The 2002 National Security Strategy concerning Africa reflected a need for a more focused strategic approach toward the continent: â€Å"InRead MoreScope And Complexity Of The Aviation Transportation Industry825 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible is guided by specific authorities, existing laws and regulations and the availability of assets and capabilities. Prior to 9/11, the security of aviation infrastructure was left largely to the FAA, with each airport and airline having in place security systems while, at the same time, maintaining profit margins. Prior to 9/11, airport security designs had not changed in decades and were focused more on the protection of assets. One of the major criticisms following 9/11 was the failureRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1321 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach in its security. The result of the tragic events was the establishment of homeland security. The White House, the federal government and the Congress joined together to establish it. On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush issued an executive order 13228 to establish an Office of Homeland Security within the White House and assigning the Governor of Pennsylvania, Tom Ridge as its Director (Bullock, Haddow, Coppola, 2013, p. 4). Ever since, the United States (U.S.) Department ofRead MoreThe Threat Of War Between People, And The United States1288 Words   |  6 Pagesmatter what, it seems, that there will always be war for whatever reason or another; however, it must be justified. An imminent threat to the security of a country is just cause for use of millitary force. If I have been threatened, hurt, or attacked, my natural defense is self-defense. It is the duty of self to protect oneself as it is with a country defending itself against another. The late general Goerge S. Patton stated Battle is the most magnificent competition in which a human being can indulgeRead MoreTerrorism Attacks On The World Trade Center And Pentagon1481 Words   |  6 Pages2001, there have been different U.S. strategies to try and combat the rise of global terrorism. The attacks made the entire world all too aware of the scale and scope of threats that terrorism can carry. The post-9/11 global climate has thus seen a shift in awareness of and response to terrorist threats. For the last thirteen years now the United States has denoted terrorism as one of the largest threats to national security and the â€Å"highest strategic objective of U.S. embassies worldwide†, a challengeRead MoreLiteral Intelligence Collection1389 Words   |  6 PagesLiteral Intelligence Collection: National Intelligence and the NSA wireless intercept program Intelligence Collection: Sources and Challenges February 13, 2012 In the aftermath of 9/11 the intelligence community (IC) felt pressure from all directions. Employees of the IC, Congress, and the general public wanted questions answered as to why our nation didn’t know an attack was imminent. This â€Å"failure† of intelligence caused a shake up within the entire IC, leading to many future changes.

Is Research Important For a Graduate Essay Question Sample?

<h1>Is Research Important For a Graduate Essay Question Sample?</h1><p>If you are an instructor and need to compose a powerful alumni paper, you will require some understudy article question tests to support you. In spite of the fact that it tends to be difficult to think of unique substance all alone, it isn't difficult to make things work in the event that you read enough exhortation and tips from the individuals who have just done it before.</p><p></p><p>It requires some serious energy and exertion to concoct compelling exploration for an exposition. In the event that you have a task due soon, you may end up racing through your task with practically no thought of the points you have decided to examine. This can be a certain formula for an inadequately composed paper, regardless of whether you think you possess energy for a top to bottom research project.</p><p></p><p>If you have not readied a last report to oblige y our examination, you will wind up rushed to complete the task rapidly and absent a lot of time to consider the subject. This can be a certain formula for an ineffectively composed paper that basically hold backs on the exploration you did.</p><p></p><p>You may likewise wind up perusing a similar material and statements over once more. Perusing a theme over can be tiring and exhausting. You will end up finding yourself saying very similar things, considering better approaches to state very similar things, and perhaps rehashing yourself. This is a certain formula for poor scholastic writing.</p><p></p><p>That being stated, you ought not disregard the way that composing articles like this can take a lot of research. So as to think of a strong research point, you have to peruse some understudy paper question tests. Not exclusively would you be able to figure out how to inquire about appropriately, yet you can likewise figure out how to con coct a truly captivating bit of composing that will dazzle the peruser and push them forward to your conclusion.</p><p></p><p>One of the best tips is to start by composing the principal passage of your paper and afterward basically writing down everything that you can about the subject you are expounding on. Try not to stress if the data you wrote down is fragmented, as long as you at any rate ensure you have a layout of what you are attempting to compose about.</p><p></p><p>After you have finished the principal passage, you can move onto the subsequent section, etc until you have secured each theme you can consider. The best counsel here is to compose as much as possible with no reference to look into, in light of the fact that then you will at present have the option to move past the examination stage once you get into the second paragraph.</p><p></p><p>This can seem like a great deal of work, yet as long as y ou practice normally, you will before long have the option to assemble a decent alumni article question test into your composing aptitudes. This can likewise be utilized to enhance investigate you as of now have done. Simply write down notes at whatever point you run into new thoughts that you would not have found on the off chance that you had not begun investigating for your project.</p>

Argumentatice Essay Topics - How to Contribute

Argumentatice Essay Topics - How to ContributeThe topic of an argumentative essay should take into account the idea that American history can be a very contentious and controversial subject. History has a tendency to involve many issues and some events that can be very painful for some individuals and even groups to discuss. At times, some people just do not like how the United States government is run, which can lead to even more turmoil as time goes on.Arguments sometimes get so heated that people lose sight of the fact that there are people involved and some things are said that are highly charged. A common example of this is that some people in an argument with each other can get very angry and come up with some incredibly loud, strong accusations and even accusations and that can get a little out of hand. At times, these intense and angry statements can take a negative effect on those involved and even cause further conflict.An argumentative essay topic can work to take this hea ted atmosphere and turn it into a more neutral and nice aspect of the debate. The essay should be able to be written in such a way that it can be even-handed when it comes to the written topics on the actual argument. It is also necessary to take into consideration the reason behind all of the statements that are made so that one is able to write an essay that is filled with respect and is really considered well by the other participants.American history is filled with many controversial topics. Things like slavery, segregation, civil rights and the role of the government in creating laws and setting policies have been at the center of many debates and have been some of the most important events in history. Since so many of these events are at the heart of the current debate over what is right and wrong, some students may want to make sure that they include the different sides of the argument in their essay.It is important for argumentative essay topics to be honest when writing abo ut the current events that the country is facing right now. Too many times in history, it has been very easy to hide the truth or even twist the truth to avoid saying that certain actions were wrong. In such situations, it is not always the students fault that a topic or event has been covered up and suppressed.Students should also make sure that they are not afraid to show the hatred that some people have towards certain groups. While there will be a lot of people who have trouble with how people from other religions are treated, they should never allow their comments or opinions to cause further controversy. Students should know that certain things should be expressed without too much anger and that they should always make sure that they are able to be seen as a respectable opinion.It is also important for an argumentative essay to be able to get across the points of view that can be covered in an American history essay. The student should make sure that they keep all of the facts straight and avoid any arguments that might be very well based on incorrect information. Not only should they present a well-rounded and well informed opinion, but they should also make sure that they are able to get across the idea that their opinions are based on good reasons and not just emotion.The essay that a student writes should be given a thorough review in order to make sure that it is the best essay that it can be. One should be able to have a well written argument based on facts that are true and truthful. After all, it is an essay, and an argumentative essay is made up of well-written arguments and theses.

650 Word College Essay Samples - Where to Find Them

650 Word College Essay Samples - Where to Find ThemAre you looking for 650 word college essay samples? Most college professors will ask for 650-word samples of college essays to use for their students to get some practice. It is a little bit less than that, but is a great way to show the student what to write and what not to. It also is a good tool for any essay writer to learn.With so many words available in many different topics, you need a few online sites that offer college essay samples so you can get practice writing with all of the words in a variety of subjects. The courses are very diverse and the materials are quite interesting.You can save a student's name as well, if you have one. A list of names will be displayed along with the sample. When you have time, try out some of the samples and see if you like them or not.Some students do not get it, but will have a sample in a second. It can be very effective, but if you are unsure then make sure to let the student see the samp le to make sure you understand exactly what they are saying.You can also find college essay samples online or in any of the campus publications. There is always something out there, but you may not get much of a preview.Do not worry about the size of the sample, because it is actually quite small and most often smaller than a page. Make sure the sample is short and does not get in the way of your view. Don't try to put too much into it, and remember, the point is for the student to learn.For students who want to work on college essays, you may want to turn to short stories. There are numerous stories you can choose from, some even have scenes so you can write from that angle and get some unique experience.

Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport Free Essays

string(204) " in 2003 and the findings were consistent with Rosen’s hypothesis, and found that relatively small number of performers dominate their industry and earn a disproportionate share of revenue \(Simmons C\." Justification of the huge salaries paid to some top athletes; an economic perspective. Over the last century there has been much research into the area of Labour Economics, and hence the determinants of supply, demand and wages for labour. In this essay, I will be looking at the unique example of the Sports Labour Market with specific focus on the European Football Market, and use various economic models to justify the huge salaries currently offered to top athletes within this field. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport or any similar topic only for you Order Now The wages of professional footballers have risen dramatically since the Bosman ruling in December 1995, in which EU football players were given the right to a  free transfer  at the end of their contracts, with the provision that they were transferring from a club within one EU Association to a club within another EU Association (European Commission, 2012). This has been supported by various studies, including (Simmons, 1997), who argued that the move towards a free agency had the consequent impact of increasing players’ salaries, as the forgone transfer fees translate into increased salaries, since the bargaining power is transferred to the player. This was reinforced by (Downward, 2000) who found that post-Bosman, the wages within the United Kingdom’s Premier League rose considerably. However, these findings conflict with other studies conducted, including (Szymanski, 1999), who argued that the new ruling only lead to increased wages for superstar players who have the greatest bargaining power, and that it did not affect the wages for the average player. During this essay I will first discuss the basic economic principles relating to the labour market, and subsequently introduce various models developed with specific focus on the sports labour market. Demand for labour is â€Å"derived demand† because it is dependent on the demand for the final product that the labour produces (R. Sandy, 2004). The conventional model used to analyse wage determinants states that the demand for labour is dependent on the Marginal Revenue Product of Labour (MRP) which is â€Å"the change in revenue that results from the addition of one extra unit (employee) when all other factors are kept equal† (Investopedia, 2012). In the field of sport, the industry is in a real sense selling its athletes, hence the demand for labour is dependent on the athletes â€Å"product† which could be viewed as his or her contribution towards the teams win column. The value of a win to the ports franchise is dependent on how the fans respond when the team wins more games. This value could be realised through the many revenue streams that sports franchises currently operate, perhaps most notably in the form of increased ticket sales, increased spending on merchandise and prize money. The â€Å"Standard Model† or â€Å"Perfect Competition Model† for wage determinants assumes t hat the sports franchise will operate at the profit maximising level of output, i. e. when the last unit of labour that is added adds as much to the firms revenues as to its costs MRPL = MCL as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1– PC Model Revenue and cost Marginal Wage Cost ARP MRP Employment of labour However, there are many limitations to this model, as the labour market for competitive athletes is far more complex. One basic argument against this model is that if in a perfectly competitive industry; firms earn abnormal profits, it assumes that more firms will enter the market and diminish these returns. Nonetheless, there are huge barriers to entry in the professional sports industry, and freedom of entry and exit does not exist. If we look at the Premier League for example, each club typically has a local monopoly, and due to the nature of the market, one firm may bid up the price of labour as it hires more units, hence in the sense it could be viewed as a monopsonistic market (R. Sandy, 2004). Furthermore, there is uncertainty over quality, as sports teams have uncertainty over both the new players they hire and even experienced players and in the PC model the quality of labour is assumed to be known to the firm. Also due to long-term contracts it is impossible to predict how their skills will deteriorate or improve ver that period and if any injuries will occur. Furthermore, Players have to learn the weaknesses and strengths of their team-mates and to coordinate their strategies. A group of players who have been together for years will be much more effective than a group of equally talented individuals who have just been assembled into a team (R. Sandy, 2004). When establishing a suitable model to justify the enormous wages paid to some top athletes, we should first consider some basic economic principles. By definition, Star players are scarce hence the supply of these star players is highly inelastic. This in itself would inflate the wage of these players, as the supply of top talent is very limited. To add a unit of player quality the team has to pay a higher price than it paid for its last unit of quality (Robinsion, 2012). However, it has been suggested that the labour supply curve has become more elastic since the globalisation of the sports labour market. Sherwin Rosen’s seminal 1981 paper on the economics of superstars asked the question why â€Å"relatively small numbers of people earn enormous amounts of money and seem to dominate the fields in which they engage. Rosen suggests that in superstar markets, â€Å"small differences in talent at the top of the distribution will translate into large differences in revenue† (Rosen, 1981). This suggests that the MRP of labour in sports, accelerates at an almost exponential rate as talent or quality increases, and profit-maximisers will operate where MRPL = MCL, hence leading to high salaries. Rosen simple insight wa s that â€Å"†¦ sellers of higher talent charge only slightly higher prices than those of lower talent, but sell much larger quantities; their greater earnings come overwhelmingly from selling larger quantities than from charging higher prices†. This was tested empirically on the Italian League by Simmons Lucifora in 2003 and the findings were consistent with Rosen’s hypothesis, and found that relatively small number of performers dominate their industry and earn a disproportionate share of revenue (Simmons C. You read "Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport" in category "Essay examples" L. , 2003). Furthermore, in a study conducted by (Depken, 2000), it was found that performance may be affected by the dispersion of pay within teams. Hefound, empirically, that less salary disparity resulted in greater team cohesiveness and more efficient team production. Another justification given for these huge salaries has been deemed the â€Å"Demonstration Effect†. This is a positiveexternality in the sense that a team which hires a superstar may raise the revenues of other teams in the league. This was found by Hausman and Leonard (1997) who established that the presence of a superstar such as Michael Jordan can have a substantial effect on the number of viewers watching NBA basketball games and increase other teams’ revenue as well as his own (Leonard, 1997). Perhaps one of the most important factors relating to salaries is the underlying motive of owners. There have been various views on whether owners actually employ a utility maximisation or profit maximisation strategy, and in the European Football industry, it could be argued that both forms exist. Gerald Scully investigated the theoretical relationship between a club’s winning percentage, ticket prices, attendance and profits. He stated that the marginal cost of acquiring player talent (T) is given by MC(T). Also, the demand for wins depends on thesize of the franchise market and the elasticity of fans demand for wins. In this model the term we represents a profit-maximising winning percentage where MC(T) = MR(T), the marginal revenue derived from a particular level of talent, with Te being the profit-maximising level of talent required to produce this outcome. This can be shown in Figure 2 Figure 2 – Scully’s Model Price / Cost Te MC(T) P C D(T) MR(T) Win percentage W2 We W1 However, playing success has a random component due to injuries, mistakes by the referee, or a mismatch between managerial skills and players. Thus, there is a range of win percentages associated with Te talent such as w1 – w2. In turn this range gives rise to variation in attendance between A1 and A2 in Figure 3. To show the relationship between profit and win percentage Scully uses Figure 4. He shows a horizontal line ? = 0 which describes the club’s break-even point. He also makes the assumption that costs other than talent are fixed. Since Scully assumes that revenue is proportional to the team’s winning percentage, as indicated by ? T) in Figure 3, but that costs are fixed for the season, teams will make positive profits for winning percentages above or close to the profit maximising level, we, as shown by ? 0 Attendance Profit Figure 3Figure 4 ?(T) = TR ? TC A ?3 A3 ?2 A2 ?0 ?1 A1 Win percentage 0 w3 w2 w1 Win Percentage 0 w3 w2 w1 On the other hand, there are some criticisms to this model. Firstly, considering European Football, clubs also compete in European competitions, therefore giving incent ive to have T Te. In addition, Scully’s model focuses on the proportion of games won. Fans may be more interested in their team contending for a championship. These are not the same; hence in an evenly balanced league a team with nearly 50% wins could be in contention while in a highly unbalanced league a team with 60% wins could be out of contention. The utility maximisation model was introduced by Peter Sloane in 1971, and he viewed that in the case of football this model was intuitively the most appealing in since we may regard football as a consumption activity (Sloane, 1971). In Sloane’s model the utility U of an owner is a function, u, of; playing success; defined as the percentage of wins, (w); average attendance which adds to the spectacle and atmosphere (a); the competitive balance of the league defined as the standard deviation of league-wide winning percentages (x); having attractive opponents increases the interest in games; and after tax profits minus the threshold level of profit required to stay in business (x); profits add to the stability of the club and help to attract star players. Thus Utility Maximisation is the function denoted by U = u (w, a, x, ? ), subject to ? r 0 + taxes; where ? r equals actual profits and ? 0 equals minimum profits. Both ? r and ? 0 may in fact be negative, in which case the taxes due would be zero. This is possible where the club has access to external sources of finance (f). In this model, the owner might weight each component of the function differently; hence if the owner puts a high weight on w then they will be prepared to trade off some rofit (or make losses) in order to secure additional playing success. Sloane’s model is perhaps even more relevant today, as there has been a recent trend for billionaires to acquire football clubs and spend unprecedented amounts on talent, purely to maximise the amount of wins. Implications of this model could also be used to describe the financial instability of some clubs, and the unbalanced performance of many European Leagues. Figure 5 – Sloane Model Returns and cost of winning L’’ D TC C TRL L’ S’’ B TRS S’ A 0 W’L W’s WL Ws Win Percentage This result is illustrated in Figure 5, which compares a big city club, L, with a small city club, S, competing in a two-team league. As with the Scully model, it is assumed that costs of producing wins rises linearly and are identical for both clubs. Returns to winning rise initially at an increasing rate, but then at a decreasing rate as interest wanes if a team wins too often. The total returns to winning schedule for a large city team TRL lies above that for a small city team TRS as the larger population catchment area in the former case means that the large city team will attract more spectators for any given winning percentage. The financial instability arises from the zero sum nature of the wins within the league. If the large city team wins more often, denoted by L’, this means that the small city team will win less often, denoted by S’. Thus the success of one club will drive the other into the area of loss making (anywhere below TC). Due to the different regulations and restrictions, there is no one-size fits all model, but in the case of European Football, the most influential factor relating to players wages is the motives of the owner. Many high profile clubs in recent times have been criticised for spending endless sums of money to bring in the talent to enable them to win. Perhaps most notably, in the case of Chelsea, Roman Abromavich total spending has surpassed â‚ ¬1bn [ (Jackson, 2012) ], and Chelsea has consistently reported losses with Abramovich’s sole mission of wanting to win the European Champions League. When looking at Sloane’s model, it could be viewed that in the case of utility maximisation, that Abramovich puts heavy weighting on the winning aspect of the function, with little or no emphasis on profits, and perhaps in this rare example, it could be viewed that he has no have a maximum loss. To overcome this growing trend, UEFA have implemented new rules regarding Financial Fair Play which includes an obligation for clubs, over a period of time, to balance their books or break even. Under the concept, clubs cannot repeatedly spend more than their generated revenues, and clubs will be obliged to meet all their transfer and employee payment commitments at all times† [ (UEFA, 2012) ]. This would be a new factor that needs to be introduced into economic models. Furthermore, it could be viewed that the traditional business model of Football clubs is changing, as in the case of David Beckham, the increased merchandise sales realised by Real Madrid and LA Galaxy has meant that they have been able to justify his huge salaries ased on the marginal revenue product that he generates. Some superstars can have huge impacts on franchises total revenue, as described in the superstar effect, and clubs are forced to pay all players huge salaries to prevent underperformance due to pay disparity. Bibliography Ross Jackson. (2012, 02 01). Goal. com. Retrieved from http://www. goal. com/en-gb/news/2896/premier-league/2012/02/01/2879167/roman-abramovichs-chelsea-spending-surpas ses-1-billion Depken, C. (2000). Wage disparity and team productivity: evidence from major. Economics Letters 67 . Downward, P. . (2000). The Economics of Professional Team Sports. London: Routledge. European Commission. (2012, 12 02). White Paper on Sport. Retrieved from The Organisation of Sport: http://ec. europa. eu/sport/white-paper/swd-the-organisation-of-sport_en. htm#4_2 Investopedia. (2012, 12 02). Marginal Revenue Product. Retrieved from http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/marginal-revenue-product-mrp. asp#axzz2Duw8EOwf Leonard, J. H. (1997). Superstars in the NBA. Journal of Labour Economics . R. Sandy, P. S. (2004). The Economics of Sport; An International Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Robinsion, T. (2012). The Labour Market for Players Lecture. Manchester. Rosen, S. (1981). The Economics of Superstars. The American Economic Review . Simmons. (1997). Implications of the Bosman Ruling. Economic Affairs , 13-18. Simmons, C. L. (2003). Superstar Effects in Sport : Evidence From Italian Soccer. Journal of Sports Economics . Sloane, P. J. (1971). The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club As A Utility Maximiser. Scottish Journal of Political Economy . Szymanski, K. . (1999). Winners and Losers. London: Penguin. How to cite Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport, Essay examples