650 Word College Essay Samples - Where to Find Them

650 Word College Essay Samples - Where to Find ThemAre you looking for 650 word college essay samples? Most college professors will ask for 650-word samples of college essays to use for their students to get some practice. It is a little bit less than that, but is a great way to show the student what to write and what not to. It also is a good tool for any essay writer to learn.With so many words available in many different topics, you need a few online sites that offer college essay samples so you can get practice writing with all of the words in a variety of subjects. The courses are very diverse and the materials are quite interesting.You can save a student's name as well, if you have one. A list of names will be displayed along with the sample. When you have time, try out some of the samples and see if you like them or not.Some students do not get it, but will have a sample in a second. It can be very effective, but if you are unsure then make sure to let the student see the samp le to make sure you understand exactly what they are saying.You can also find college essay samples online or in any of the campus publications. There is always something out there, but you may not get much of a preview.Do not worry about the size of the sample, because it is actually quite small and most often smaller than a page. Make sure the sample is short and does not get in the way of your view. Don't try to put too much into it, and remember, the point is for the student to learn.For students who want to work on college essays, you may want to turn to short stories. There are numerous stories you can choose from, some even have scenes so you can write from that angle and get some unique experience.

Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport Free Essays

string(204) " in 2003 and the findings were consistent with Rosen’s hypothesis, and found that relatively small number of performers dominate their industry and earn a disproportionate share of revenue \(Simmons C\." Justification of the huge salaries paid to some top athletes; an economic perspective. Over the last century there has been much research into the area of Labour Economics, and hence the determinants of supply, demand and wages for labour. In this essay, I will be looking at the unique example of the Sports Labour Market with specific focus on the European Football Market, and use various economic models to justify the huge salaries currently offered to top athletes within this field. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport or any similar topic only for you Order Now The wages of professional footballers have risen dramatically since the Bosman ruling in December 1995, in which EU football players were given the right to a  free transfer  at the end of their contracts, with the provision that they were transferring from a club within one EU Association to a club within another EU Association (European Commission, 2012). This has been supported by various studies, including (Simmons, 1997), who argued that the move towards a free agency had the consequent impact of increasing players’ salaries, as the forgone transfer fees translate into increased salaries, since the bargaining power is transferred to the player. This was reinforced by (Downward, 2000) who found that post-Bosman, the wages within the United Kingdom’s Premier League rose considerably. However, these findings conflict with other studies conducted, including (Szymanski, 1999), who argued that the new ruling only lead to increased wages for superstar players who have the greatest bargaining power, and that it did not affect the wages for the average player. During this essay I will first discuss the basic economic principles relating to the labour market, and subsequently introduce various models developed with specific focus on the sports labour market. Demand for labour is â€Å"derived demand† because it is dependent on the demand for the final product that the labour produces (R. Sandy, 2004). The conventional model used to analyse wage determinants states that the demand for labour is dependent on the Marginal Revenue Product of Labour (MRP) which is â€Å"the change in revenue that results from the addition of one extra unit (employee) when all other factors are kept equal† (Investopedia, 2012). In the field of sport, the industry is in a real sense selling its athletes, hence the demand for labour is dependent on the athletes â€Å"product† which could be viewed as his or her contribution towards the teams win column. The value of a win to the ports franchise is dependent on how the fans respond when the team wins more games. This value could be realised through the many revenue streams that sports franchises currently operate, perhaps most notably in the form of increased ticket sales, increased spending on merchandise and prize money. The â€Å"Standard Model† or â€Å"Perfect Competition Model† for wage determinants assumes t hat the sports franchise will operate at the profit maximising level of output, i. e. when the last unit of labour that is added adds as much to the firms revenues as to its costs MRPL = MCL as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1– PC Model Revenue and cost Marginal Wage Cost ARP MRP Employment of labour However, there are many limitations to this model, as the labour market for competitive athletes is far more complex. One basic argument against this model is that if in a perfectly competitive industry; firms earn abnormal profits, it assumes that more firms will enter the market and diminish these returns. Nonetheless, there are huge barriers to entry in the professional sports industry, and freedom of entry and exit does not exist. If we look at the Premier League for example, each club typically has a local monopoly, and due to the nature of the market, one firm may bid up the price of labour as it hires more units, hence in the sense it could be viewed as a monopsonistic market (R. Sandy, 2004). Furthermore, there is uncertainty over quality, as sports teams have uncertainty over both the new players they hire and even experienced players and in the PC model the quality of labour is assumed to be known to the firm. Also due to long-term contracts it is impossible to predict how their skills will deteriorate or improve ver that period and if any injuries will occur. Furthermore, Players have to learn the weaknesses and strengths of their team-mates and to coordinate their strategies. A group of players who have been together for years will be much more effective than a group of equally talented individuals who have just been assembled into a team (R. Sandy, 2004). When establishing a suitable model to justify the enormous wages paid to some top athletes, we should first consider some basic economic principles. By definition, Star players are scarce hence the supply of these star players is highly inelastic. This in itself would inflate the wage of these players, as the supply of top talent is very limited. To add a unit of player quality the team has to pay a higher price than it paid for its last unit of quality (Robinsion, 2012). However, it has been suggested that the labour supply curve has become more elastic since the globalisation of the sports labour market. Sherwin Rosen’s seminal 1981 paper on the economics of superstars asked the question why â€Å"relatively small numbers of people earn enormous amounts of money and seem to dominate the fields in which they engage. Rosen suggests that in superstar markets, â€Å"small differences in talent at the top of the distribution will translate into large differences in revenue† (Rosen, 1981). This suggests that the MRP of labour in sports, accelerates at an almost exponential rate as talent or quality increases, and profit-maximisers will operate where MRPL = MCL, hence leading to high salaries. Rosen simple insight wa s that â€Å"†¦ sellers of higher talent charge only slightly higher prices than those of lower talent, but sell much larger quantities; their greater earnings come overwhelmingly from selling larger quantities than from charging higher prices†. This was tested empirically on the Italian League by Simmons Lucifora in 2003 and the findings were consistent with Rosen’s hypothesis, and found that relatively small number of performers dominate their industry and earn a disproportionate share of revenue (Simmons C. You read "Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport" in category "Essay examples" L. , 2003). Furthermore, in a study conducted by (Depken, 2000), it was found that performance may be affected by the dispersion of pay within teams. Hefound, empirically, that less salary disparity resulted in greater team cohesiveness and more efficient team production. Another justification given for these huge salaries has been deemed the â€Å"Demonstration Effect†. This is a positiveexternality in the sense that a team which hires a superstar may raise the revenues of other teams in the league. This was found by Hausman and Leonard (1997) who established that the presence of a superstar such as Michael Jordan can have a substantial effect on the number of viewers watching NBA basketball games and increase other teams’ revenue as well as his own (Leonard, 1997). Perhaps one of the most important factors relating to salaries is the underlying motive of owners. There have been various views on whether owners actually employ a utility maximisation or profit maximisation strategy, and in the European Football industry, it could be argued that both forms exist. Gerald Scully investigated the theoretical relationship between a club’s winning percentage, ticket prices, attendance and profits. He stated that the marginal cost of acquiring player talent (T) is given by MC(T). Also, the demand for wins depends on thesize of the franchise market and the elasticity of fans demand for wins. In this model the term we represents a profit-maximising winning percentage where MC(T) = MR(T), the marginal revenue derived from a particular level of talent, with Te being the profit-maximising level of talent required to produce this outcome. This can be shown in Figure 2 Figure 2 – Scully’s Model Price / Cost Te MC(T) P C D(T) MR(T) Win percentage W2 We W1 However, playing success has a random component due to injuries, mistakes by the referee, or a mismatch between managerial skills and players. Thus, there is a range of win percentages associated with Te talent such as w1 – w2. In turn this range gives rise to variation in attendance between A1 and A2 in Figure 3. To show the relationship between profit and win percentage Scully uses Figure 4. He shows a horizontal line ? = 0 which describes the club’s break-even point. He also makes the assumption that costs other than talent are fixed. Since Scully assumes that revenue is proportional to the team’s winning percentage, as indicated by ? T) in Figure 3, but that costs are fixed for the season, teams will make positive profits for winning percentages above or close to the profit maximising level, we, as shown by ? 0 Attendance Profit Figure 3Figure 4 ?(T) = TR ? TC A ?3 A3 ?2 A2 ?0 ?1 A1 Win percentage 0 w3 w2 w1 Win Percentage 0 w3 w2 w1 On the other hand, there are some criticisms to this model. Firstly, considering European Football, clubs also compete in European competitions, therefore giving incent ive to have T Te. In addition, Scully’s model focuses on the proportion of games won. Fans may be more interested in their team contending for a championship. These are not the same; hence in an evenly balanced league a team with nearly 50% wins could be in contention while in a highly unbalanced league a team with 60% wins could be out of contention. The utility maximisation model was introduced by Peter Sloane in 1971, and he viewed that in the case of football this model was intuitively the most appealing in since we may regard football as a consumption activity (Sloane, 1971). In Sloane’s model the utility U of an owner is a function, u, of; playing success; defined as the percentage of wins, (w); average attendance which adds to the spectacle and atmosphere (a); the competitive balance of the league defined as the standard deviation of league-wide winning percentages (x); having attractive opponents increases the interest in games; and after tax profits minus the threshold level of profit required to stay in business (x); profits add to the stability of the club and help to attract star players. Thus Utility Maximisation is the function denoted by U = u (w, a, x, ? ), subject to ? r 0 + taxes; where ? r equals actual profits and ? 0 equals minimum profits. Both ? r and ? 0 may in fact be negative, in which case the taxes due would be zero. This is possible where the club has access to external sources of finance (f). In this model, the owner might weight each component of the function differently; hence if the owner puts a high weight on w then they will be prepared to trade off some rofit (or make losses) in order to secure additional playing success. Sloane’s model is perhaps even more relevant today, as there has been a recent trend for billionaires to acquire football clubs and spend unprecedented amounts on talent, purely to maximise the amount of wins. Implications of this model could also be used to describe the financial instability of some clubs, and the unbalanced performance of many European Leagues. Figure 5 – Sloane Model Returns and cost of winning L’’ D TC C TRL L’ S’’ B TRS S’ A 0 W’L W’s WL Ws Win Percentage This result is illustrated in Figure 5, which compares a big city club, L, with a small city club, S, competing in a two-team league. As with the Scully model, it is assumed that costs of producing wins rises linearly and are identical for both clubs. Returns to winning rise initially at an increasing rate, but then at a decreasing rate as interest wanes if a team wins too often. The total returns to winning schedule for a large city team TRL lies above that for a small city team TRS as the larger population catchment area in the former case means that the large city team will attract more spectators for any given winning percentage. The financial instability arises from the zero sum nature of the wins within the league. If the large city team wins more often, denoted by L’, this means that the small city team will win less often, denoted by S’. Thus the success of one club will drive the other into the area of loss making (anywhere below TC). Due to the different regulations and restrictions, there is no one-size fits all model, but in the case of European Football, the most influential factor relating to players wages is the motives of the owner. Many high profile clubs in recent times have been criticised for spending endless sums of money to bring in the talent to enable them to win. Perhaps most notably, in the case of Chelsea, Roman Abromavich total spending has surpassed â‚ ¬1bn [ (Jackson, 2012) ], and Chelsea has consistently reported losses with Abramovich’s sole mission of wanting to win the European Champions League. When looking at Sloane’s model, it could be viewed that in the case of utility maximisation, that Abramovich puts heavy weighting on the winning aspect of the function, with little or no emphasis on profits, and perhaps in this rare example, it could be viewed that he has no have a maximum loss. To overcome this growing trend, UEFA have implemented new rules regarding Financial Fair Play which includes an obligation for clubs, over a period of time, to balance their books or break even. Under the concept, clubs cannot repeatedly spend more than their generated revenues, and clubs will be obliged to meet all their transfer and employee payment commitments at all times† [ (UEFA, 2012) ]. This would be a new factor that needs to be introduced into economic models. Furthermore, it could be viewed that the traditional business model of Football clubs is changing, as in the case of David Beckham, the increased merchandise sales realised by Real Madrid and LA Galaxy has meant that they have been able to justify his huge salaries ased on the marginal revenue product that he generates. Some superstars can have huge impacts on franchises total revenue, as described in the superstar effect, and clubs are forced to pay all players huge salaries to prevent underperformance due to pay disparity. Bibliography Ross Jackson. (2012, 02 01). Goal. com. Retrieved from http://www. goal. com/en-gb/news/2896/premier-league/2012/02/01/2879167/roman-abramovichs-chelsea-spending-surpas ses-1-billion Depken, C. (2000). Wage disparity and team productivity: evidence from major. Economics Letters 67 . Downward, P. . (2000). The Economics of Professional Team Sports. London: Routledge. European Commission. (2012, 12 02). White Paper on Sport. Retrieved from The Organisation of Sport: http://ec. europa. eu/sport/white-paper/swd-the-organisation-of-sport_en. htm#4_2 Investopedia. (2012, 12 02). Marginal Revenue Product. Retrieved from http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/marginal-revenue-product-mrp. asp#axzz2Duw8EOwf Leonard, J. H. (1997). Superstars in the NBA. Journal of Labour Economics . R. Sandy, P. S. (2004). The Economics of Sport; An International Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Robinsion, T. (2012). The Labour Market for Players Lecture. Manchester. Rosen, S. (1981). The Economics of Superstars. The American Economic Review . Simmons. (1997). Implications of the Bosman Ruling. Economic Affairs , 13-18. Simmons, C. L. (2003). Superstar Effects in Sport : Evidence From Italian Soccer. Journal of Sports Economics . Sloane, P. J. (1971). The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club As A Utility Maximiser. Scottish Journal of Political Economy . Szymanski, K. . (1999). Winners and Losers. London: Penguin. How to cite Economic Justification for High Salaries in Sport, Essay examples

Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students

Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not volunteer their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .postImageUrl , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:hover , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:visited , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:active { border:0!important; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:active , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prostitution Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by . Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not volunteer their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .postImageUrl , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:hover , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:visited , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:active { border:0!important; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:active , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Basic discription of microbiology Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by men. But medical ethics and moral responsibility . Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not ;volunteer; their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things;. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .postImageUrl , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:hover , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:visited , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:active { border:0!important; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:active , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conveyer belt project Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by men. But . Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not volunteer their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .postImageUrl , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:hover , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:visited , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:active { border:0!important; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:active , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tom ?lancy Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by .

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buy custom Technical Communication Methods and Practices essay Technology plays a significant role in the advancing criminal justice system especially at a time when crime perpetrated is becoming complicated by advancement in technological know how. Technical communication tools are very essential in facilitating a successful communication between the organizations officers and the dispatch center. Tele-communicators employ a variety of tools to enable one obtain usable information. Generally, most technical communicators use a variety of tools that have independent forums that provides varying levels of support or technical assistance. Some of the tools include word processors like frame makers and the word, graphic programs, desktop publishing software among other technical tools that promotes communication other than writing, editing, graphic design, video, indexing or structural design. All these tools foster a practical communication that instructs, persuades or insists in performance of certain task or set of tasks. The process of communication in criminal justice system entails establishment of areas of responsibility as well as an explicit delegation of duties and most justice administrators prefer formal system of communication as they are able to control it while able to create records essential for future reference. Ways of communication in the system include, downward, upward and horizontal with all movements of communication referring to the hierarchy or the chain of command. Technology is deeply integrated in the judicial justice system as every facet of it has some technological advancement especially in the information systems technology designed to collect and compare evidence as well as the criminal records and statistics. Some of the important informational technologies in the agency are the fingerprint analysis, video surveillance forensic pathology and genetics. In the future the interrelationship between criminal justice system and technology is expected to continue to grow as long as there are new developments in technology. For instance some technologies created for task performed by the criminal system like technology of drug testing will most probably see further advances. e.g. the use of sweat patches and more in-depth hair test to test drug use in ways that are less invasive while able to obtain more information. Some of the future technologies that are not currently available that will allow further communication in the agency include holograms for both tele-presence aspects as well as showing of virtual evidence without fear of subjecting contamination or to it for the case of a weapons or object. Also, some new technologies of affiliating accurate lie detection which will be very handy in interrogation. Finally, are the technologies pertaining to universal translator which allows one to communicate with other without having to spea k many languages. Buy custom Technical Communication Methods and Practices essay

The History of the Zamboni Invented by Frank Zamboni

The History of the Zamboni Invented by Frank Zamboni The fourth Zamboni every built they simply called it No. 4 sits  enshrined in the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame  in Eveleth, Minnesota, along with its creator and inventor, Frank Zamboni. It stands, fully restored, as a symbol of the integral part this ice-resurfacing machine has played in professional hockey, as well as ice-skating shows and in ice rinks around the country. Always Amazed Indeed, Zamboni, himself, who died in 1988, is also enshrined in the  Ice Skating Institute Hall of Fame and has been honored with about two dozen awards and honorary degrees. He was always amazed about how (the Zamboni) became associated with the game of hockey, with ice, with whatever, said Zambonis son Richard in a video marking the 2009 induction ceremony. He would have been surprised and pleased about being inducted into the (ice hockey) hall of fame. But, how did a simple, tractor-like  machine  used on an ice-skating rink to smooth the ice as the Associated Press describes it come to be held in such high esteem in the ice hockey and ice skating worlds both in the U.S. and globally? Well, it started with ice. Iceland In 1920, Zamboni then just 19 moved from Utah to Southern California with his brother, Lawrence. The two brothers soon began selling block ice, which local dairy wholesalers used to pack their product that was transported by rail across the country, according to the Zamboni companys informative and lively  website. But as refrigeration technology improved, demand for block ice began to shrink and the Zamboni brothers began to look for another business opportunity. They found it in ice skating, which was skyrocketing in popularity in the late 1930s. So in 1939 Frank, Lawrence, and a cousin built Iceland Skating Rink in Paramount, a city about 30 miles southeast of Los Angeles, notes the companys website. It was, at the time it opened in 1940 with 20,000 square feet of ice, the largest ice skating rink in the world and could accommodate up to 800 ice skaters at one time. Business was good, but to smooth the ice, it took four or five workers and a small tractor at least an hour to scrape the ice, remove the shavings and spray a fresh coat of water onto the rink and it took another hour for the water to freeze. That got Frank Zamboni to thinking: I finally decided Id start working on something that would do it faster, Zamboni said in a 1985 interview. Nine years later, in 1949, the first Zamboni, called the Model A, was introduced. A Tractor Body The Zamboni was, essentially, an ice-cleaning machine placed on top of a tractor body, hence the APs description (though modern Zambonis are no longer built over tractor bodies). Zamboni modified the tractor adding a blade that shaved the ice smooth, a device that swept up the shavings into a tank and an apparatus that rinsed the ice and left a very thin top layer of water that would freeze within a minute. Former Olympic ice-skating champion Sonja Henie saw the first Zamboni in action when she was practicing at Iceland for an upcoming tour. She said, Ive got to have one of those things, recalled Richard Zamboni. Henie toured the world with her ice show, carting along a Zamboni wherever she performed. From there, the machines popularity began to soar. The NHLs Boston Bruins bought one and put it to work in 1954, followed by a number of other NHL teams.   Squaw Valley Olympics But, what really helped the ice-resurfacing machine shoot to fame where iconic images of a Zamboni efficiently cleaning ice and leaving a smooth, clear surface at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California. Since then, the name Zamboni has become synonymous with the ice-resurfacing machine, notes the hockey hall of fame induction video. The company says that about 10,000 of the machines have been delivered worldwide each one traveling about 2,000 ice-resurfacing miles a year. Its quite a legacy for two brothers who began selling blocks of ice. Indeed, notes the company website: Frank often pointed out to rink owners a comment indicative of his own lifelong mission: The principal product you have to sell is the ice itself.†

Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Analysis - Assignment Example cial ratio are the management team in evaluating the performance of the company in terms of profitability, operational efficiency, and financial health over a period of time by comparing past and present ratios, and also comparing this with the industrial average (Brigham, 2012). Shareholders are other groups that use information from ration analysis. Information in the financial statement is usually difficult for outsiders to understand. The ratio analysis helps in analyzing and interpreting information from the financial statements in a simplified manner, and in a manner that can be understood by those who do not know the accounting language. This information helps them know the position of their investment and expected returns from their investment. The ratio analysis is useful in analyzing the liquidity of the company. This information is useful to the third group that uses the ratio analysis are the creditors. They are able to know the company’s capacity to meet their lon g term liabilities which determines the credit terms. Financial analysis usually tries to determine the qualitative factors when evaluating the future financial performance. One qualitative factor is the competitive advantage which determines the company’s ability to survive in the market. This also determines the company’s ability to keep competitors at bay, enjoy profits, and growth. Corporate governance has become a crucial issue today which determines the relationship between directors, management, and other stakeholders. One aspect of corporate governance is financial transparency. This implies that the financial information is being released in a manner that stakeholders are able to follow what the management if doing, thus have a clear understanding on the financial situation. This also increases the trust that stakeholders have in the company, ensuring a long term relationship. Finally, the structure of the board of directors under corporate governance determines the future

Federal Reserve Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Federal Reserve Board - Essay Example But when we talk about of United States which is world's largest economy then the monetary policy of the country also expands its impact on in form of economic and financial effects on other countries of the world. In shortest possible definition the main objective of a monetary policy is to look into various aspects of the economy of a nation ranging from inflation; economic output; to employment. The working of it could be understood by way it affects the demand i.e., is being parameterized in form of people's and firms' current tendency towards expenditure and spending on goods and services. In United States the Monetary policy matters relate to it are all conducted by the Federal Reserve System which is the central bank of America and the form of influences it makes on demand is mainly by raising and lowering of short-term interest rates (Dennisy, 2007). The responsibility of conducting a monetary policy lies in the hand of Fed's FOMC or Federal Open Market Committee. The FOMC comprises of 12 members out of which the seven members are from the board of Governors; the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the rest four are the other Reserve Bank Presidents who occupy the seat in rotation. The Committee meets eight times a year in Washington, D.C. The remaining Reserve Bank Presidents provides all necessary inputs to the Committee's discussions on various issues. The Directors of each Reserve Bank has their own defined duty in form of contributions through recommendations about discount rates (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2004). Federal Open Market Committee in 2007 The FOMC amended its policy related to the Authorization for Domestic Open Market Operations on January 30, 2007 and directed the Federal Reserve Bank of New York so that various domestic policy directives could be adopted. The Bank has now been authorized to buy or sell U.S. Government Securities from or to securities dealers and foreign and international accounts maintained at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This includes buying and selling of U.S. Government securities and obligations that are in direct obligations of, or have been fully guaranteed to principal and interest by, any agency of the United States, from dealers for the account of the System Open Market with process being competitive bidding. The authorization has been further expanded to ensure the conduct of open market operations through lending government securities to dealers to be determined by competitive bidding. The bank will also act as an assisting agent for foreign and international accounts maintaine d in the bank for short-term investments (The Federal Reserve Board, 2007). The FOMC while considering the necessity to carry out the various foreign currency directives has asked the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for System Open Markets Account. The bank has been granted further permission to purchase and selling of some foreign currencies in the form of cable transactions on the open market at home and abroad with foreign monetary authorities, with Bank of International Settlements, and with other international financial institutions. The currencies which have been considered for above mentioned transactions are Canadian Dollars, Danish Kroner, Euro, Pounds Sterling, Japanese Yen, Mexican Pesos, Norwegian Kroner, Swedish Kronor and Swiss